Somaliland waxay leedahay taariikh hore iyo ilbaxnimo. Muddo dheer oo hore, Somaliland waxay xiriir wanaagsan oo ganacsi la yeelatay adduunka intiisa kale gaar ahaan Masar hore (Faraaciintii), Roomaankii, Jasiiraddii Carabta iyo Qaaraddii Hindiya. Badeecadaha sida hargaha iyo maqaarka, fooxa iyo malmalka, faan-maroodi, ciridka, baalasha ayaa lagu kala iibsaday alaabada macaamiisha sida sonkorta, shaaha, timirta, dharka iwm. Xiriirinta ganacsiga ee Bariga Dhexe iyo Bariga Aasiya waxay ka jiri jireen marinka Badda Cas iyo marinnada Badweynta Hindiya.
Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waxay ku taal Geeska Afrika. Waxay leedahay Gacanka Cadmeed dhanka Woqooyi waxayna xuduud la wadaagtaa Jabuuti Galbeedka, Koonfurta Itoobiya iyo Koonfurta Soomaaliya. Waxay leedahay bed dhan 176,119 Kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran iyo xarriiq xeebeed oo dhererkeedu gaarayo 800 Km oo ku teedsan Badda Cas. Marka la eego aagga waxay ku jiri lahayd kaalinta 37aad ee Afrika, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay jiraan 18 dal oo leh aagag ka yar kuwa Somaliland ee qaaradda. Waxaa ku nool dad gaaraya afar milyan. Caasimadda, Hargeysa, waa magaalo-weyn oo lagu qiyaaso dadkeeda in ka badan hal milyan. Luuqada wadanku waa afsoomaali laakiin ingiriisiga iyo carabiga labaduba aad baa looga hadlaa.
Somaliland, meesha ay ku taallo istiraatiiji ahaan meel u dhow Bab el Mandeb, oo laga galo Gacanka Cadmeed iyo Badda Cas, waxay had iyo jeer dan u ahayd sababo istiraatiijiyadeed iyo ganacsi awgood. Badhtamihii qarnigii 16aad, Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta ee weynayd waxay ku darsatay dekedda Saylac oo waxay ilaalisay, kharash ku soo uruuriyay caadooyin iyo lacago kale, ganacsatada Carab, Beershiya iyo Hindida ee u adeegayay shuruudaha ganacsi ee aagga ku xeeran iyo dhulka Xabashida. 1870 kii damaca weynaa ee Khedive Ismael I ee reer Masar, oo dalkiisu magac ahaan uu qayb ka ahaa Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, ayaa helay xuquuqdii loo idmay ee Suldaanka Cusmaaniyiinta ee Saylac iyada oo lagu beddelay bixinta khidmad sannadle ah oo dhan 18,000 oo rodol. Khedive wakhtigeedii markii ay gaadhay waxay la wareegeen xeebta u dhaxaysa Bulhar iyo Berbera iyaga oo aan tixraacin Suldaanka.
Sannadkii 1877-kii Ingiriiska ayaa saxeexay heshiis lagu aqoonsanayo isku-darka Khedival ee dhammaan xeebta Bariga Afrika ee woqooyiga ka xigta Ras Hafun (dhul-ballaadhinta ku fidsan Badweynta Hindiya ee koonfurta Cape Gardafui).
Heshiiska ayaa dhigayay in qayb ka mid ah aaggan aan loo gacan gelin karin awood shisheeye iyo in wakiillo qunsuliyadeed oo Ingiriis loo magacaabo meelaha ku yaal xeebta. Suldaanka Turkiga, illaa iyo hadda aad uma danaynaynin meel kasta oo bariga ka xigta Saylac, isagoo abuuraya, hase yeeshee, dano badan oo ka mid ah Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta.
Maaddaama Masar ay furtay Kanaalka Suweys 1869, danta Masar waxay u wareejisay xeebta halkii ay ka ahayd gudaha. Goobaha xeebta waxaa laga dhisay guryo waaweyn, dekedo, marinno, xayndaabyo, iyo xeryo, waxaana la farsameeyay saadka biyaha socda. Qaar ka mid ah tas-hiilaadkan waxay socdeen illaa dhawaa.
In 1884 Egypt was facing the Mahdist revolt in the Sudan and for financial reasons (dictated by Britain) had to curtail its projects along the Somaliland coast. By agreement with Britain the Egyptian flag remained flying in Somaliland but Egyptian troops and officials were withdrawn and replaced by very few British troops, ships and officials from Aden.
With the departure of the Egyptians and the possibility that other colonial powers had their eyes trained on the potentials of the Somaliland coasts and its hinterland, Britain had to act fast. The British colonial office expedited Major A. Hunt of Great, representing his government, to draw up protection treaties
oo ay la socdaan dhowr qabiil oo reer Somaliland ah. Ingiriisku wuxuu ku qanciyey hoggaamiyeyaasha qabaa'ilka Somaliland ballanqaad ilaalin ah, isagoo u ballanqaaday inay si buuxda u taageerayaan haddii uu weerar ka yimaado dhulalka kale ee deriska ah, oo ay markaas qabsadeen reer kale oo reer Yurub ah (Eeg Khariidadda Afrika ee Heshiiskii uu qoray Sir E. Hertslet). Dhankooda, odayaashii beeshu markaas waxay diideen inay ingiriiska xaq u yeeshaan inay dhul yeeshaan ilaa ay ka ogolaadaan shuruudahooda.
